Cognitive Psychology

Gestalt psychology emphasizesQuestion 1 options:observable, objective reactions.the introspective technique.emotional causes of behavior.the basic human tendency to organize our perceptions.Save

Question 2 (1 point)

Suppose that you are writing a paper about cognitive processes in people who are depressed. Which of the following topics would be most relevant for your paper?Question 2 options:Observations of social interactions between people with depression.The effects of vitamin supplements on the activity level of people with depression.The ability to remember people’s names of people with depression.The relationship between childhood experiences and current adjustment in people with depression.Save

Question 3 (1 point)

John is reading his Cognitive Psychology textbook. He notices that his stomach is grumbling, but he thinks, “I will finish this section of the chapter and then go to lunch.” John’s thought illustrates the cognitive process of _______.Question 3 options:pattern recognition.memory.imagery.decision making.Save

Question 4 (1 point)

Which of the following statements is correct?Question 4 options:A reflex such as a knee-jerk reflex is an example of cognition.Cognition refers to the acquisition and retrieval of knowledge, but not the use of that knowledge.”Cognitive psychology” is sometimes used as a synonym for “cognition.”Cognitive psychology emphasizes mental processes that are easily observable.Save

Question 5 (1 point)

A cognitive psychologist who analyzes a cognitive task in terms of a series of stages—like the way a computer operates—is using which of the following approaches?Question 5 options:the information-processing approachthe introspection approachthe gestalt approachthe parallel distributed processing approachSave

Question 6 (1 point)

Suppose that you meet a professor who is trying to determine what portions of the brain are involved in trying to recall a word that is on the tip of your tongue. This person is likely to use the approach ofQuestion 6 options:artificial intelligence.cognitive neuroscience.gestalt psychologybehaviorism.Save

Question 7 (1 point)

One component of your general knowledge focuses on semantic memory. Which of the following would be an example of semantic memory?Question 7 options:your ability to create a mental imageyour ability to add several three-digit numbers togethera strategy you use to memorize important material for a testyour knowledge that the word “bear” is similar to the word “lion”Save

Question 8 (1 point)

Suppose that you look up from this exam, and you immediately perceive a scene that includes students, desks, and classroom walls.  In order to perceive it quickly, you are probably usingQuestion 8 options:serial processing.parallel processing.ecological validity.metacognition.Save

Question 9 (1 point)

An operational definition is most
likely toQuestion 9 options:describe precisely how the researchers will measure a particular concept.examine the correlation between two well-established variables.point out alternative explanations for the results of a study.adopt an information-processing approach, rather than a behaviorist approach.Save

Question 10 (1 point)

An important feature of cognitive science is that it emphasizesQuestion 10 options:individual differences in cognition.an interdisciplinary approach.that all mental processes should be explained in biological terms.that researchers should focus on personality characteristics.Save

Question 11 (1 point)

Which of the following early approaches to psychology developed the idea of insight when people solve problems?Question 11 options:introspectionismthe gestalt approachbehaviorismEbbinghaus and his followersSave

Question 12 (1 point)

Which of the following statements best captures the scope of cognition?Question 12 options:Cognition includes every internal experience that humans have.We use cognition when we acquire, store, transform, and use knowledge.Cognition primarily emphasizes higher mental processes, such as problem solving and decision making.Cognition is more concerned with visible actions, such as motor activities, than with activities that cannot be seen by an outside observer.Save

Question 13 (1 point)

According to the discussion in this unit’s reading, behaviorism places the most emphasis onQuestion 13 options:interpersonal relationships.observable activities.unconscious emotions.mental processes.Save

Question 14 (1 point)

Some researchers believe that the human brain works like a complex, sophisticated machine. This approach is calledQuestion 14 options:the gestalt approach.the analogy approach.the computer metaphor.the lesion approach.Save

Question 15 (1 point)

Chapter 1 of your textbook ends with a discussion about the five themes of this book. According to this discussion,Question 15 options:cognition is generally not very accurate.cognition typically emphasizes both top-down and bottom-up processing.children typically emphasize top-down processing, but adults typically emphasize bottom-up processing.cognition is typically more accurate for negative information than for positive information.Save

Question 16 (1 point)

This unit’s reading discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approachQuestion 16 options:primarily emphasizes our unconscious thoughts.can explain a major part of your daily experiences.is prominent within social psychology, but it has not yet been applied to biological areas of psychology.has had surprisingly little connection with clinical psychology.Save

Question 17 (1 point)

Which of the following research topics would be most likely to interest a behaviorist?Question 17 options:The effect of parents’ marital satisfaction on children’s nightmares.The effect of praise on children’s running speed.Individual differences in verbal ability.The relationship between the true size of an object and its size as represented in a mental image.Save

Question 18 (1 point)

In contrast to a PET scan, the fMRI techniqueQuestion 18 options:requires an injection of a radioactive chemical.provides more precise information when measuring a series of events in the brain.causes transient brain lesions.involves placing electrodes on a person’s scalp.Save

Question 19 (1 point)

According to this unit’s reading, the artificial intelligence (AI) approachQuestion 19 options:creates computer models that demonstrate intelligent behavior.emphasizes that humans possess a central processing mechanism that has unlimited capacity.is currently too vague and nonspecific to be tested.focuses on the development of cognitive abilities during childhood.Save

Question 20 (1 point)

When researchers use the introspection technique,Question 20 options:people report their sensations as accurately as possible.people report their experiences in a spontaneous, unsystematic fashion.the researchers observe how people respond to learning tasks.the researchers encourage people to interpret their reactions to selected stimuli