Environmental Health: Local To Global

Question 1

  1. In environmental health, the term toxin refers to a toxic substance that _______________.
[removed] is naturally produced by a plant or animal
[removed] occurs in the occupational setting
[removed] results from human activity
[removed] a man-made product introduced into the environment due to human activity

1 points

Question 2

  1. In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.
[removed] acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals
[removed] fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period
[removed] fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulation

1 points

Question 3

  1. Which of the following is not characteristic of a health impact assessment?
[removed] It evaluates a site or activity as it is, rather than looking forward in time
[removed] It includes social and economic factors in the assessment
[removed] It incorporates input from community members

1 points

Question 4

  1. An exposure pathway connects _______________ to _______________.
[removed] an exposure / a change in tissue structure or function
[removed] inhalation / absorption
[removed] the environmental source of a contaminant / the point of exposure

1 points

Question 5

  1. The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.
[removed] by air, water, and soil
[removed] environmental, occupational, and residential
[removed] ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact

1 points

Question 6

  1. The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.
[removed] absorption
[removed] disposition
[removed] exposure

1 points

Question 7

  1. The quantity of a toxicant (or its breakdown product) that is available to interact with some vulnerable tissue in the body is called the _______________.
[removed] absorbed dose
[removed] biologically effective dose
[removed] body burden

1 points

Question 8

  1. The body burden of a chemical in the body reflects the net effect of _______________.
[removed] absorption and biological effectiveness
[removed] synergism and antagonism
[removed] the processes of toxicokinetics

1 points

Question 9

  1. Bioaccumulation is the _______________.
[removed] gradual building up of a chemical in the tissue of an organism
[removed] increase of concentrations of a chemical at higher levels of a food pyramid
[removed] movement of a chemical from water to living tissue

1 points

Question 10

  1. Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?
[removed] Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight
[removed] Concentration of a pesticide in blood
[removed] Inhalation rate in liters per hour

1 points

Question 11

  1. The Ames test is a test of a chemical’s _______________.
[removed] acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents
[removed] mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria
[removed] teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells

1 points

Question 12

  1. Exposure modeling is used to estimate the _______________.
[removed] biologically effective dose of a toxicant
[removed] fate and transport of a toxicant
[removed] ingestion of, inhalation of, or dermal contact with a toxicant

1 points

Question 13

  1. Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that has no adverse effects in _______________.
[removed] sensitive subpopulations over a long-term exposure
[removed] sensitive subpopulations over a short-term exposure
[removed] the general population over a long-term exposure
[removed] the general population over a short-term exposure

1 points

Question 14

  1. Which of the following is one of the major processes which together make up toxicokinetics?
[removed] Bioconcentration
[removed] Distribution
[removed] Mutation
[removed] Synergism

1 points

Question 15

  1. In doing a risk assessment for a chemical, the usual assumption is that _______________.
[removed] carcinogenicity has a threshold; non-cancer effects do not
[removed] non-cancer effects have a threshold; carcinogenicity does not
[removed] both carcinogenicity and non-cancer effects have thresholds
[removed] neither carcinogenicity nor non-cancer effects has a threshold

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