Environmental Health: Local To Global
Question 1
- In environmental health, the term toxin refers to a toxic substance that _______________.
[removed] | is naturally produced by a plant or animal | |
[removed] | occurs in the occupational setting | |
[removed] | results from human activity | |
[removed] | a man-made product introduced into the environment due to human activity |
1 points
Question 2
- In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.
[removed] | acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals | |
[removed] | fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period | |
[removed] | fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulation |
1 points
Question 3
- Which of the following is not characteristic of a health impact assessment?
[removed] | It evaluates a site or activity as it is, rather than looking forward in time | |
[removed] | It includes social and economic factors in the assessment | |
[removed] | It incorporates input from community members |
1 points
Question 4
- An exposure pathway connects _______________ to _______________.
[removed] | an exposure / a change in tissue structure or function | |
[removed] | inhalation / absorption | |
[removed] | the environmental source of a contaminant / the point of exposure |
1 points
Question 5
- The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.
[removed] | by air, water, and soil | |
[removed] | environmental, occupational, and residential | |
[removed] | ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact |
1 points
Question 6
- The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.
[removed] | absorption | |
[removed] | disposition | |
[removed] | exposure |
1 points
Question 7
- The quantity of a toxicant (or its breakdown product) that is available to interact with some vulnerable tissue in the body is called the _______________.
[removed] | absorbed dose | |
[removed] | biologically effective dose | |
[removed] | body burden |
1 points
Question 8
- The body burden of a chemical in the body reflects the net effect of _______________.
[removed] | absorption and biological effectiveness | |
[removed] | synergism and antagonism | |
[removed] | the processes of toxicokinetics |
1 points
Question 9
- Bioaccumulation is the _______________.
[removed] | gradual building up of a chemical in the tissue of an organism | |
[removed] | increase of concentrations of a chemical at higher levels of a food pyramid | |
[removed] | movement of a chemical from water to living tissue |
1 points
Question 10
- Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?
[removed] | Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight | |
[removed] | Concentration of a pesticide in blood | |
[removed] | Inhalation rate in liters per hour |
1 points
Question 11
- The Ames test is a test of a chemical’s _______________.
[removed] | acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents | |
[removed] | mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria | |
[removed] | teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells |
1 points
Question 12
- Exposure modeling is used to estimate the _______________.
[removed] | biologically effective dose of a toxicant | |
[removed] | fate and transport of a toxicant | |
[removed] | ingestion of, inhalation of, or dermal contact with a toxicant |
1 points
Question 13
- Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that has no adverse effects in _______________.
[removed] | sensitive subpopulations over a long-term exposure | |
[removed] | sensitive subpopulations over a short-term exposure | |
[removed] | the general population over a long-term exposure | |
[removed] | the general population over a short-term exposure |
1 points
Question 14
- Which of the following is one of the major processes which together make up toxicokinetics?
[removed] | Bioconcentration | |
[removed] | Distribution | |
[removed] | Mutation | |
[removed] | Synergism |
1 points
Question 15
- In doing a risk assessment for a chemical, the usual assumption is that _______________.
[removed] | carcinogenicity has a threshold; non-cancer effects do not | |
[removed] | non-cancer effects have a threshold; carcinogenicity does not | |
[removed] | both carcinogenicity and non-cancer effects have thresholds | |
[removed] | neither carcinogenicity nor non-cancer effects has a threshold |